Ethical and Social Concerns in Global Business free essay sample

The need of ethics in the business world is superlative and global as new trends and issues arise daily which may create an important burden to business entities and end-consumers. There is therefore a need for proper ethical behavior in organizations for smooth operations within the business entities. Morf (1999:265) believes: †Ethics is the moral principle that individuals inject into their decision-making process and that helps temper the last outcome to conform to the norms of their society. † Again, ethical principles have the very profound function of making behavior very predictable (Mahdavi, 2003).Businesses need to come to grips with the legal and moral atmosphere in which they operate. The various ethical issues in global business that have imparted variously in the Kenyan Economy include the following: 1) Corruption and bribery; corruption and bribery is one of the menace that has seen Kenya lag behind in terms of development. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and Social Concerns in Global Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is often claimed that in 1963, when Kenya acquired its independence from the colonial rule, it was at par with countries like South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore among others, in terms of development.However, the above mentioned countries have grown to be giant economies while Kenya is still struggling at grassroots with take-off strategies. Kenya has had major scandals of corruption which include The Goldenberg scandal, The Anglo leasing among others, which involved ‘white elephant’ projects that looted the government of major funds. The unethical act is still rampant in the country even after the establishment of the Kenya Anti-corruption Commission to help curb the vice. ) Unfair Pricing; This includes the unfair differential pricing, improper invoicing –where the buyer requests for a price other than the actual price paid, pricing to outdo local competition, dumping commodities at prices below the home country prices and pricing practices that are permitted in the host country but against the law in the home country such (e. g. price fixing agreements). Unfair pricing is notable in the Kenyan economy where the prices of oil are inflated by the oil selling companies.The presence of the cheap ‘mitumba’ clothes in Kenya have contributed among other things to the death of the textile ind ustry in Kenya which equally leads to unemployment of labour and reduced taxes for the government. 3) Illegal/immoral activities in the host country; practices such as pollution of the environment, the maintenance of unsafe working conditions, the violation of intellectual rights laws in product/technology copying where the protection of patents, trademarks and copyrights is at stake.This has in particular affected to a degree the Kenyan music industry where pirating is rampant. 4) Involvement in political affairs; where political personnel get actively engaged in a country’s normal marketing operations and engage in unjust practices such as illegal technology transfers. The Kenyan government has recently handled claims where top political officers are reported to have liaised with other governments to defraud the state. These include the sale of maize to Sudan and the purchase of government land at china. ) Questionable commissions paid to channel members; where unreasonably high commissions are paid to sales agents, middlemen, consultants and import officials as fees, th ere is a reason to raise eyebrows. This is an unethical practice that is present especially in the less developed and developing countries. In Kenya, import officers are known as perpetrators to this menace. 6) Dumping; I since considered dumping as an unethical practice of its own since it is present in Kenya.Dumping is where substandard products are sold cheaply to a country where the use of the product in the manufacturing country is outlawed, used for other specified purposes or declared unfit for human consumption. For instance, The purchase of contaminated maize recently by the Kenya government from South Africa, is one of the cases that identifies Kenya as one of the terminals of dumped goods among other things which include the dominance of vague China made goods in the Kenyan market. This includes hardware materials, home appliances and the recently noted turnover of mobile phones which hardly last for a month.

Auditing and Assurance Services Principles and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Assurance Services for Principles and Practice. Answer: Introduction: The probability of misstatement in financial reports depends on the level of various risks, associated with the financial and non-financial aspects of the organizations. Proper audit process helps the organizations to minimize those risk factors and to exhibit true and fair financial position and performance of the business. Still, it has been noticed that there are some factors, which cannot be controlled by the auditing processes. In audit term, the risks of any error or omission in the financial statement, caused by such uncontrollable factors, are referred as inherent risks. Inherent risks mainly rise due to higher level of complexity in the financial statement and involvement of financial estimation or assumptions (Miller et al. 2012). From the financial statements of One.Tel, it is quite clear that in the year 2000, the company has performed very poorly. However, it is very unlikely that the poor performances have not affected the financial position of the company very much. Rather, the balance sheet of the company exhibits that the financial position of the company in 2000 was better than that of previous year. From such disparity in the financial statements, it can be stated that there are some inherent risk factors, associated with the financial statement. Inherent Risk Factors at Financial Report Level: Financial reports are the final outcomes of all the business activities and financial transactions of an organization. Therefore, it reflects all the errors or omissions, caused by the various inherent risks, associated with the business activities. There are several factors, which are responsible for increasing the inherent risk level (Abraham and Shrives 2014). Effectiveness of marketing plan is one of such inherent risk factors. The income statement and cash flow statement of One.Tel reflect that the company has failed to generate sufficient amount of income from the basic operating activities. It may been caused by ineffective marketing plans. Marketing plans are made for attracting more customers and increasing the income or profit of the organization. The plans are made on the basis of consumer behavior analysis and future market prediction. The effectiveness of the marketing plan, is , therefore, depends on the accuracy of the behavior analysis and market prediction. If the management fails to analyze the nature of the consumers properly, then it would not be able to prepare an effective plan, which can attract more customers. Moreover, the market prediction is very complex and involves various economic, political and social aspects. In reality, it is not possible to cover all the aspects. However, for a sound marketing plan, it is ver y necessary to cover the aspects, which are closely related to the nature of the business and product. If any necessary aspect is not considered properly for the marketing plan, then the plan cannot be considered as effective. As, it is not possible for an auditor to control the effectiveness of the marketing plan, the factor increases the inherent risk level very significantly at the financial report level (Beasley et al. 2012). Change of consumers preferences is another inherent risk factor, which can affect the financial statement. It has been observed in the telecom industry, that the customers often change their network service providers for obtaining lucrative schemes and offers. Therefore, through attractive marketing and advertisement campaigns, the telecom companies may attract many consumers for certain offers, but face great challenge to retain the consumers for longer period. Such fast changes of consumers preference affects the sales of the company over the periods and alters the financial outcomes of different financial periods (Bratten et al. 2013). The labors and staffs may also raise the inherent risk level high at the financial reporting level. Such risk level is much higher in the companies, where the total workforce includes higher numbers of new and inexperienced employees. The productivity level of any organization is very much relied on the efficiency level of the employees. The efficiency level of the employees uses to depend on the experience, training and dedication of the employees. The new employees may not provide high quality services or optimum output due to inexperience. Moreover, the existing or older employees may also fail to provide the output at desired level for various reasons. The company may introduce such employment policy, which would create negative impact on employees. In the peak seasons or in pressure, the employees require additional motivation. In absence of the proper motivation from higher management, the employees may not perform as desired. Moreover, if the company adopts any new technology or system, the management should improve the skills of the employees accordingly. Apart from that, the company should arrange training programs for the employees to update their skill knowledge, so that they can provide better service to the company (Arens et al. 2012). Identifiable Inherent Risk Factors during Strategic Business Risk Assessment: There are various risk factors, which can be identified during strategic business risk assessment. Through various risk assessment processes and the sensitivity analysis, management can assess the risk levels, associated with the factors. The operational and other business planning is one of such factors. The management can identify the various risks associated with the new business plans by analyzing the plan for alternative circumstances (Baxter et al. 2013). Market condition is another factor, which can affect the financial reporting of the company. The company can assess the various risks, associated with future changes in the market by proper market research and analysis. Economic condition of the nation can also increase the risk level. It risk, associated with the national and global economy, by observing the change in the economical factors and analyzing the various economic data periodically. The business organizations may also suffers greatly due to change in government policies. Therefore, by analyzing the changes in the government structure and declarations from governments end, the company can assess the risk factors, associated with any new government policy (Sadgrove 2016). Inherent risk arises on account of the particularity of the entities activities, nature of account, environment and its operation. The history of errors and the characteristics of management are perceived to be the major determinants of the inherent risks. The errors affecting the financial statements of the entity that is the risk factors associated with the accounting balance and the detection of such inherent risks would help in the risk assessment. The accounts of balance suffer from various inherent risk factors and the assessment of such risk would help the auditors and contribute to the increased risk assessment (Cohen et al. 2014). The factors that need to be considered are that the accounts balance is considered of many high volume transactions that are non routine in nature. Some of the adjustments that are made in the accounts of balances do not exist in the ordinary routine process of the business. There are many complex transactions that are made in the accounts of balances. The auditor needs to assess the risks involved in auditing the account balance by considering the inherent risk factors (Messier 2016). Some of the inherent risk to be assessed is based on the factors are that the financial reporting that actually depicts the result are different from the real projection. This is so because there are some financial transactions which need to be treated sing the complex calculation and when the simple calculation is incorporated then it can be misstated. The company, which is not in a stable financial situation, such company intended to meet certain covenants has greater incentive to misstate financial information and this is inherently. Suppose, a company has wrongly presented its financial data or if there is any discrepancies in the accounts in the previous year and so, is inherently likely to present in the same form. Such factors are mainly considered by the auditor to assess the inherent risk (Kunz et al. 2014). The inherent risk at the financial statement affects the potential outcomes and the operations of business. When the auditor is assessing the inherent risk, the factors affecting the judgment and the subjectivity of the financial statements are considered. The factors considered is the integrity and competence of the management and the preliminary interview that is held with the management. The auditor based the assessment whether there are any transactions that are unusual with the significant party or the outsiders (Porter et al. 2014). The history of the company regarding the estimates of the meeting analysts or there is any expectation of the growth earning. This can be explained with the help of an example say, the former CFO of any company was held liable for engaging in the fraud concerning the securities. He was engaged in a scheme that was intended to backdate the stock option grants. The fraud was mainly attributed to the integrity of the management. The inaccuracy of the f inancial reporting was mainly attributed to the failure of the accountant to maintain the accurate accounting record (Crous et al. 2012). Going concern can referred as those organizations, which are expected to continue its business operation for infinite period and will not liquidate in the coming future. The business organizations, which are enlisted as companies, are regarded as going concern under statutory guidelines. Still, many companies discontinue its operations during the course of period (Harrison and Wicks 2013). Therefore, the users of financial statements analyze the different financial statements to measure the organizations capability for continuing the operation in future. Mainly three aspects of the organization are analyzed to measure the continuity prospect of the organization liquidity, solvency and profitability (Carson et al. 2012). Liquidity aspect describes the liquid asset position of the company. It helps to ascertain whether the company can cover its current liabilities by its current assets. In other words, it depict whether the company has sufficient working capital to operate the normal business activities. If the company does not have the adequate liquid assets then it may lead to liquidity insolvency and the company may have to discontinue its basic operational activities. Current ratios are the most widely used tools to measure the liquidity aspect of any organization. The current ratios of One.Tel for 2000 and 1999 are shown below: Solvency aspect is used to measure the overall financial strength of the company. It describes whether the company owns enough assets to pay off all its liabilities. It also helps to understand the capital structure of the company. Debt to Equity ratio, Equity ratio and debt ratio are three ratios, which measure the solvency aspect of any organization (Horngren 2013). The three ratios of One.Tel for 2000 and 1999 are given as follows: The profitability aspect narrates the financial performance of the company in terms of profit or loss. Any business organization operates for earning profit. Profitability aspect describes whether the company has performed effectively and has earned adequate profit. If the company cannot earn adequate profit then it cannot operate properly in the future due to insufficiency of funds. Return on Assets, return on equity and return on capital employed are some of the common profitability ratios. Theses ration of One.Tel are shown in the following graph: The financial statements of One.Tel and the graphs, shown above describes that the current ratio has reduced over the years. However, still the current ratio is above 1.5, which states that the company has enough current assets to cover its current liabilities. The solvency ratios have improved over the period due to reduction of total liabilities and increase of total assets and total equity (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). The only matter of concern is the profitability ratio. In 2000, the company has incurred huge loss, which has led all the return to negative. Moreover, from the cash flow statement, it can be concluded that the company has also failed generate enough cash revenue to meet all the operational expenses. It has caused shortage of cash funds and the company has continued its operation from the retained earnings and additional capital funding by issuing new shares. It can be concluded that though the company is suffering from net loss and shortage of funds, it has adequate assets to cover the liabilities and losses. Therefore, One.Tel can be considered medium going concern. References: Abraham, S. and Shrives, P.J., 2014. Improving the relevance of risk factor disclosure in corporate annual reports.The British accounting review,46(1), pp.91-107 Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J. and Beasley, M.S., 2012.Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Prentice Hall. Baxter, R., Bedard, J.C., Hoitash, R. and Yezegel, A., 2013. Enterprise risk management program quality: Determinants, value relevance, and the financial crisis.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1264-1295 Beasley, M., Elder, R. and Arens, A., 2012. Auditing and assurance services. Bratten, B., Gaynor, L.M., McDaniel, L., Montague, N.R. and Sierra, G.E., 2013. The audit of fair values and other estimates: The effects of underlying environmental, task, and auditor-specific factors.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.7-44 Carson, E., Fargher, N.L., Geiger, M.A., Lennox, C.S., Raghunandan, K. and Willekens, M., 2012. Audit reporting for going-concern uncertainty: A research synthesis.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.353-384 Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2014. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: the experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors.CFOs, and External Auditors (May 30, 2014) Crous, C., Lamprecht, J., Eilifsen, A., Messier, W., Glover, S. and Douglas, P., 2012. Auditing and Assurance Services.Berkshire: McGraw-Hill. Harrison, J.S. and Wicks, A.C., 2013. Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance.Business ethics quarterly,23(01), pp.97-124 Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013. Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015. Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Kunz, R., Josset, D., Scholtz, H., Motholo, V., Graeme, O.R., Penning, G. and Rudman, R., 2014. Auditing Assurance: Principles Practice. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Miller, T.C., Cipriano, M. and Ramsay, R.J., 2012. Do auditors assess inherent risk as if there are no controls?.Managerial Auditing Journal,27(5), pp.448-461 Porter, B., Simon, J. and Hatherly, D., 2014.Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge.

The Oregon Trail

This letter to a friend is written by a farmer’s wife travelling with her husband and children along the Oregon Trail in mid-1840s.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Oregon Trail specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dear Jane, Blessed be the hour when I can see you again, for the way seems endless and the barriers insurmountable. When we lost our farm[1], I was looking to our trip as to a journey to the Promised Land, but now the everyday hardships are challenging this faith. However, John tells me to stay strong and so I do. During the three months on the road, I have seen more than ever before, so in case you and Paul decide to undertake this trip, the following advice may be of use to you. For your journey, it is vital to buy a good tent and a nice sturdy wagon to move all the belongings and supplies. I would rather recommend a prairie schooner, which is much lighter than a normal Conestoga wagon and driv en by oxen. They move slower than mules, but are much cheaper (as they can easily find food for themselves) and not so likely to be stolen by the Indians [2]. As for provisions, make sure you have enough flour, salt, sugar, tea and coffee, dried beans and fruit, corn and rice. I would not advice to take anything perishable, as it is more a burden than a benefit on this trip; but if you have extra dried goods, you can always change them for travel clothes and moccasins in the mountains[3]. Meat is not a problem here, as wild fowl and game are abundant here, so rifles and ammunition will never be extra. Do not forget to reserve a good sheet-iron stove for your journey as well, since wood is scarce here and a stove is very convenient. As a setting-out point, I would rather advice St. Joseph, since you can avoid crossing several streams which can be very high (several of our fellow-travelers even drowned in them, which was a sad and dramatic occurrence for their families)[4]. The routin e at our camp starts before sunrise, and we travel most part of the day. One of the biggest discomforts is caused by violent windstorms that scatter our tents and wagons and set the cattle stampeding wildly into the unknown. To protect us somehow from the devastation of the storms, our men have invented a simple yet ingenious trick: as soon as the first signs of storm appear, we group the wagons in small circles with oxen chained inside the circles[5].Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One day we were confused by the thunder-like sounds and a heavy dark cloud approaching us, which we first took for a sand-storm. As the cloud drew nearer, we felt the ground trembling and recognized thousands of buffalos rushing past. Happily, they were left on the other side of the stream and did not ruin the camp; otherwise I doubt I would be writing these lines now. Another danger lurks inside the camp i tself: I would have never expected it, but I witness many people, especially little children, getting trampled down by the wagons in the general confusion. That is why I always take care my little ones are in a plain view and never let them go too far away from our wagon. There is another reason for it: although the Indians we have met so far appear to be peaceful, I would not trust these daubed savages anyway, hearing the rumors of their cruelty. It is late now, and tomorrow is another early start, so I cease my writing for a while and hope that this letter brings composure to you. I hope for the best and send blessings to your family. Love, Mary. Bibliography Federal Writers’ Project. Oregon Trail: The Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. Murietta, CA: US History Publishers, 1939. Print. Hill, William E. The Oregon Trail, Yesterday and Today. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Press, 1986. Print. Olson, Stephen P. The Oregon Trail: A Primary Source History of the Route to the American We st. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. Print. Footnotes Olson, Stephen P. The Oregon Trail: A Primary Source History of the Route to the American West. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. Print. P. 32. Federal Writers’ Project. Oregon Trail: The Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. Murietta, CA: US History Publishers, 1939. Print. P. 220. Ibid., pp. 221–222. Federal Writers’ Project. Oregon Trail: The Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. Murietta, CA: US History Publishers, 1939. Print. P. 222. Hill, William E. The Oregon Trail, Yesterday and Today. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Press, 1986. Print. P.  53 This essay on The Oregon Trail was written and submitted by user Dum Dum Dugan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Sample Statement for Comparison and Contrast Essay

How to Write a Sample Statement for Comparison and Contrast EssayWhen writing a sample thesis statement for comparison and contrast essay, you may encounter situations that may challenge your ability to write well. This is especially true if you are dealing with an expert of the type, for example, you are writing dissertations on generalists, specialists, or industry leaders. Theses are written in advance for students who are preparing for an entrance exam. If you want to make it easier, you can use this sample thesis statement for comparison and contrast essay for much the same reasons that you would use a statement to prepare for the exam.Consider how you can make your analysis more sophisticated by identifying trends setters. Any good essay starts with a few sentences about the research you have undertaken. When writing sample thesis statements for comparison and contrast essay, you should not worry too much about how complex this essay actually is. The focus of your analysis shou ld be on identifying trends setters.One generalist is just as easy as another, so you should not worry about whether one is a generalist or specialist. The key factor is what kind of expertise the student is learning. A statement should focus on four general areas: what is the field? What kind of students do you expect to read your thesis? How has the student prepared for the field exam?The most common argument for a particular academic field is that it is made up of people who are experts in their own fields. For example, students studying engineering could be expected to research the history of the field and identify more trends setters in the past, how the field evolved, and whether there are new trends setters emerging from the current trends setters. Students studying psychology might want to compare studies on children and adults and whether they are more susceptible to peer pressure, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. All of these would be examples of trends setters an d their effects on their students. Many people who study in many different fields might also be expected to write a generalist thesis because they are expected to be able to understand and relate to others in their field. This means that a sample thesis statement for comparison and contrast essay must be able to get across both sides of the argument without becoming overly technical. This will allow the student to be more engaging in the essay. A statement for the opposite side of the argument will be more demanding.Another approach would be to avoid directly relating students to the field. Rather, focus on what they know and how their knowledge is relevant to their thesis topic. It is possible that they may understand things that you do not yet understand. This is a subtle difference, but one that is important to the study of trends setters.Finally, think about what is in the best interest of the student. Some students are expected to include their own interests when writing a thes is statement for comparison and contrast essay. Other students are not expected to, so be sure to do your best to emphasize the student's strengths.In general, every graduate student is different and some are more suited to a high school level research, while others are better suited to a university-level thesis, even if they come from a degree program. However, all students should learn about trends setters, so that they can think about how they will deal with them in their own work. In a world where anything is possible, writing a sample thesis statement for comparison and contrast essay will help students understand how to think about and work with trends setters.

Slavery As A Cruel Institution Essays - Slavery In The United States

Slavery as a Cruel Institution Cruelty can be defined as an inhumane action done to an individual or group of people that causes either physical or mental harm. Slavery, at its very core, was a cruel and inhumane institution. From the idea behind it to the way that it was enforced, it degraded the lives of human beings and forbade the basic liberties that every man deserves under the Constitution of the United States. Three major areas where cruelty was especially prevalent were in the slaves working conditions, living conditions, and loss of fundamental freedoms. Working conditions for slaves were about as bad as can possibly be imagined. Slaves worked from dawn till dusk and sometimes even longer. Solomon Northrup describes his experience as a slave on his Louisiana plantation: The hands are required to be in the cotton field as soon as it is light in the morning and with the exception of ten or fifteen minutes, which is given them at noon to swallow their allowance of cold bacon, they are not permitted a moment idle until it is too dark to see, and when the moon is full, they often times labor till the middle of the night (Northrup 15). The slaves lived in constant fear of punishment while at work, and it was that fear that drove them to obey. Northrup continues to say that, No matter how fatigued and weary he may bea slave never approaches the gin-house with his basket of cotton but with fear. If it falls short in weightif he has not performed the full task appointed him, he knows he must suffer (10). He goes on to explain that after weighing, follow the whippings (10). This was not the end of the workday for a common slave though. Each slave had his or her own respective chores to do. One feeds the mules, another the swineanother cuts the wood, and so forth (Northrop 11). Then there were jobs to do in the slaves quarters, jobs that were necessary for their basic needs and survival: Finally, at a late hour, they reach the quarters, sleepy and overcome with the long days toil. Then a fire must be kindled in the cabin, the corn ground in the small hand-mill, and supper, and dinner for the next day in the field prepared (Northrup 12). The slaves got very little sleep because, an hour before day light the horn is blown, and it was an offense invariably followed by flogging, to be found at the quarters after daybreak (Northrup 14). Then the fears and labors of another day begin; and until its close there is no such thing as rest (Northrup 14). After an extremely difficult day of labor, the cruelty continued when the slaves returned to housing that could be described as inadequate at best. Jacob Stroyer, one of fifteen children, was born on a plantation in South Carolina in 1849. He relates the conditions that his family lived in: Most of the cabins in the time of slavery were built so as to contain two families; some had partitions, while others had none. When there were no partitions each family would fit up its own part as it could; sometimes they got old boards and nailed them up, stuffing the cracks with rags; when they could not get boards they hung up old clothes (Stroyer 14). Families were forced to live under less than ideal conditions, and sleeping was a challenge: When the family increased the children all slept together, both boys and girls, until one got married; then a part of another cabin was assigned to that one, but the rest would have to remain with their mother and father, as in childhood, unless they could get with some of their relatives or friends who had small families, or unless they were sold (Stroyer 14). The hot summer months made it impossible to sleep indoors so, when it was too warm for them to sleep comfortably, they all slept under trees until it grew too cold (Stroyer 16). Francis Henderson was another slave who, after escaping from a slave plantation outside of Washington, D.C. at the age of 19, described living conditions on his plantation: Our houses were but log huts- - the tops

Slavery In The Usa Essays - Bleeding Kansas, Free Essays

Slavery In The Usa Essays - Bleeding Kansas, Free Essays Slavery In The Usa Douglas hoped that northerners opposing his bill would quiet down after the bill was settled, but they became more furious Antislavery critics wanted to prevent slavery from gaining a foothold in Kansas Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company was found to help emigrants to settle down in Kansas hundreds of settlers moved to Kansas Alarmed proslavery groups also started to go to Kansas When a territorial legislature was elected in March 1855 over 6000 votes were counted 5000 of these votes were illegal because most Missourians who voted were not residents large number of men who had been elected were proslavery a law was quickly passed authorizing slavery in Kansas! even death penalty was passed for people helping slaves to escape Kansans refused to accept the new legislature and set up an own government at the town of Topeka fighting between these two governments broke out weapons from the East were sent to Kansans Tension between these two parties started to explode when in November 1855 a Kansan were killed by a proslavery man On May 21st, Sheriff Jones, a proslavery, and a proslavery army marched into Lawrence and destroyed two printing presses and burned down several buildings A few days later John Brown and seven other men, took revenge and massacred five people (they split open their skulls and cut off some of their hands) As a result civil war in Kansas broke out

Intelligent Diangosis in Autom essays

Intelligent Diangosis in Autom essays Intelligent Multibrand Diagnosis in Vehicles The challenge: Developing an equipment to perform accurate online diagnosis of all components of the engines of European, Asian, and American cars. The solution: Creating a system based on Labview and Data Acquisition board (DAQ) to acquire and analyze signals from sensors and components of the engine, and validating online the acquired values against a data base containing normal ranges of parameters, following a detailed procedures guide segmented by fault symptoms. An accurate and highly productive diagnosis method. Existing multibrand diagnosis equipments for cars are serially connected to the OBD connector of the ECU of the car, and read a fault code, which indicate that some sensor or component of the engine is not working properly. Having into account the interrelation between sensors and actuators of the engine, the fault code gives only a hint but in many cases the symptom of malfunctioning could be correlated to other sensors, actuators, or cabling. Therefore, this methodology leads to a trial-and-error procedure, which has a low productivity and may suggest the replacement of spares which are working properly. Moreover the technician will have to use additional equipment, such as an oscilloscope, to perform parallel connections within the engine, and analyze complex data. ECUTRONIC has been developed to provide an intelligent solution to these diagnosis problems. The all-in-one equipment consists of a rugged portable PC containing a PCMCIA DAQ 6024e to acquire signals from all sensors and actuators of the engine. A signal adjustment and protection board, and a connection box, both proprietary developments of Ecutronic Technologies, complement the features of the equipment, which is parallel connected to specific sensors and/or actuators. Selection of sensors and actuators to be connected is performed ...